Izvestiya of Saratov University.

Physics

ISSN 1817-3020 (Print)
ISSN 2542-193X (Online)


For citation:

Semenov A. A., Venig S. B., Dronkin A. S. Analog models for ternary combinational logic elements. Izvestiya of Saratov University. Physics , 2024, vol. 24, iss. 4, pp. 418-428. DOI: 10.18500/1817-3020-2024-24-4-418-428, EDN: NHEYLN

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0).
Published online: 
25.12.2024
Full text:
(downloads: 19)
Language: 
Russian
Article type: 
Article
UDC: 
004.312.22
EDN: 
NHEYLN

Analog models for ternary combinational logic elements

Autors: 
Semenov Andrey Andreevich, Saratov State University
Venig Sergey Borisovich, Saratov State University
Dronkin Alexei S., Saratov State University
Abstract: 

Background and Objectives: It is already obvious today that the performance of modern microprocessors is approaching its limit. Increasing the clock frequency and increasing the performance of the transistors included in them by reducing their size is becoming increasingly difficult due to fundamental physical limitations. Possible ways to increase the performance of microprocessors can be found through the introduction of fundamentally new materials and technologies, which is associated with the need for partial or complete abandonment of modern technology for the production of electronic components. However, there is also a development option that makes it possible to increase the performance of microelectronic devices without abandoning familiar and established technologies, both in the field of creating integrated circuits and microarchitecture. The transition of digital technology from a binary base to a ternary number system, that is, the use of three possible states within one digit – false/uncertain/true – allows one to obtain a number of advantages and, in general, provides a real opportunity to increase the performance of microprocessor technology, all other things being equal. In this regard, the goal of the work is to develop analog models of ternary logic elements that are compatible in characteristics with modern series of binary CMOS logic elements that can allow one to correctly simulate complex digital circuitry devices containing such elements. Materials and Methods: A software package for analysis and automatic design of electronic circuits was used to develop analog models of ternary logic elements. This program made it possible to analyze transient processes, parameters and interaction features of the developed logical elements. Results: A working prototype of a ternary logic element has been completed using standard discrete electronic components, which confirms the correctness and efficiency of the developed models of ternary logic elements. Conclusion: The proposed analog models of ternary logic elements allow one to correctly simulate complex digital circuitry devices containing such elements. Based on the proposed models, the main units of the ternary processor have been subsequently designed.

Reference: 
  1. Intel® Core™ i7-8086K Processor. Available at: https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/148263/intel-core-i... (accessed June 30, 2024).
  2. Intel® Core™ i9-10900K Processor. Available at: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/199332/intel-core-i... (accessed June 30, 2024).
  3. Intel® Core™ i9-13900KS Processor. Available at: https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/232167/intel-core-i... (accessed June 30, 2024).
  4. Semenov A. A., Usanov D. A., Dronkin A. S. Processor Active Hardware Stack. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Elektronika [Proceedings of Universities. Electronics], 2019, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 219–229 (in Russian).
  5. Svetovye tranzistory spasut zakon Mura (Light-emitting transistors will save Moore’s law). Available at: https://nplus1.ru/news/2016/02/04/moor (accessed June 30, 2024) (in Russian).
  6. IBM soobshchila o proryve v sozdanii tranzistorov na uglerodnykh nanotrubkakh (IBM has announced a breakthrough in creating transistors using carbon nanotubes). Available at: https://nplus1.ru/news/2015/10/05/ibm-breakthrough-nanotubes (accessed June 30, 2024) (in Russian).
  7. Brusentsov N. P. Bluzhdanie v trekh sosnakh. (Priklyucheniya dialektiki v informatike) [Wandering in Three Pines. (Adventures of Dialectics in Computer Science)]. Moscow, LLC “SvR-Argus”, 2000. 16 p. (in Russian).
  8. Brusentsov N. P., Maslov S. P., Rozin V. P., Tishulina A. M. Malaya tsifrovaya vychislitel’naya mashina “Setun’” [Small digital computer “Setun”]. Moscow, Moscow University Press, 1965. 145 p. (in Russian).
  9. Semenov A. A., Dronkin A. S. Counting triggers and counters on ternary logic elements. Vzaimodeistvie sverkhvysokochastotnogo, teragertsovogo i opticheskogo izlucheniya s poluprovodnikovymi mikroi nanostrukturami, metamaterialami i bioob”ektami : sbornik statei odinnadtsatoi Vserossiiskoi nauchnoi shkoly-seminara. Pod red. prof. Al. V. Skripalya [Skripal Al. V., ed. Interaction of microwave, terahertz and optical radiation with semiconductor micro- and nanostructures, metamaterials and bioobjects: Collection of articles from the Eleventh All-Russian scientific school-seminar]. Saratov, Izdatelstvo “Saratovskiy Istochnik”, 2024, pp. 82–88 (in Russian).
  10. Heung A., Mouftah H. T. Depletion/Enhancement CMOS For a Low Power Family of Three-Valued Logic Circuits. IEEE Journal of Solid-state Circuits, 1985, vol. SC-20, no. 2, April, pp. 609–616.
  11. Three-Valued Logic. Primenenie trekhznachnoi logiki. (Application of three-valued logic). Available at: https://trilog.narod.ru/index.htm (accessed October 10, 2024) (in Russian).
  12. Lofgren V. Tunguska the ternary computer emulator. Available at: https://tunguska.sourceforge.net/about.html (accessed June 30, 2024).
  13. Superkomp’yuter ili Troichnye komp’yuternye tekhnologii (Supercomputer or Ternary computer technologies). Available at: https://zen.yandex.ru/media/id/5a6acb19dcaf8e1790630902/superkompiuter-i... (accessed June 30, 2024) (in Russian).
  14. Novaya popytka sozdaniya troichnogo komp’yutera (A new attempt to create a ternary computer). Available at: https://aftershock.news/?q=node/853441&page=1&ysclid=l8q45pv3xp720647205 (accessed June 30, 2024) (in Russian).
  15. Mikroprotsessor “TAIFUN”. Rossiiskii eksperimental’nyi 7-traitovyi mikroprotsessor, s sobstvennoi sistemoi komand i IDE (Microprocessor “TYPHOON”. Russian experimental 7-trite microprocessor, with its own command system and IDE). Available at: https://www.typhoon.su (accessed June 30, 2024) (in Russian).
  16. Harrison L. An introduction to Depletion-mode MOSFETs. Available at: https://www.aldinc.com/pdf/IntroDepletionModeMOSFET.pdf (accessed June 30, 2024).
  17. Dronkin A. S., Semenov A. A. Models of ternary logic elements and their application in processor circuitry. Vzaimodeistvie sverkhvysokochastotnogo, teragertsovogo i opticheskogo izlucheniya s poluprovodnikovymi mikroi nanostrukturami, metamaterialami i bioob”ektami : sbornik statei vos’moi Vserossiiskoi nauchnoi shkolyseminara. Pod red. prof. Al. V. Skripalya [Skripal Al. V., ed. Interaction of microwave, terahertz and optical radiation with semiconductor micro- and nanostructures, metamaterials and bioobjects: Collection of articles from the Eighth All-Russian scientific school-seminar]. Saratov, Izdatelstvo Saratovskiy istochnik, 2021, pp. 31–36 (in Russian).
  18. Electronic Workbench 5.12 for Windows. Available at: https://electronicworkbenchewb.com/electronic-workbench-download/ (accessed June 30, 2024).
  19. Horowitz P., Hill W. The Art of Electronics. Cambridge, New York, Cambridge University Press, 1980. 716 p. (Russ. ed.: Moscow, Mir, 1983. Vol. 1. 598 p.).
  20. Jones D. W. Fast Ternary Addition. Available at: https://homepage.divms.uiowa.edu/~jones/ternary/arith.shtml (accessed June 30, 2024).
Received: 
04.07.2024
Accepted: 
20.09.2024
Published: 
25.12.2024