Izvestiya of Saratov University.

Physics

ISSN 1817-3020 (Print)
ISSN 2542-193X (Online)

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Shegolev S. U. Processing and Visualization of Large Data Arrays in Taxonomic and Evolutionary Studies of Living Nature1 (a review). Izvestiya of Saratov University. Physics , 2016, vol. 16, iss. 3, pp. 145-167. DOI: 10.18500/1817-3020-2016-16-3-145-167

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0).
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Russian
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Biophysics and medical physics
UDC: 
575.8 + 524.8
DOI: 
10.18500/1817-3020-2016-16-3-145-167

Processing and Visualization of Large Data Arrays in Taxonomic and Evolutionary Studies of Living Nature1 (a review)

Autors: 
Shegolev Sergey Urevich, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS)
Abstract: 

A review is given of recent advances in the taxonomic study of organisms and current views on biological evolution and the origin of life. The steady increase in bioinformation resources is noted, which reflects the results of studies of the Earth’s biodiversity with the use of deciphered structures of biomacromolecules (DNA, RNA, proteins, etc.). This necessitates accounting for the specific character of manipulations with large data arrays, which is currently termed the big data problem. The contributions of the treelike and net components to the topology of phylogenetic constructs are discussed, with consideration for the prevailing role of horizontal gene transfer in prokaryote evolution and life. Approaches are described to the practical use of 16S rRNA gene DNA sequences in diverse biomedical (including metagenomic) applications with traditional and nontraditional (large) amounts of molecular genetic data. Emerging results from molecular taxonomic studies of the Earth’s biota and the methods of their generation are demonstrated. The significance is noted of the current developments in particle physics and in cosmology for solving paradoxes associated with the vanishingly small probability of some fundamental processes of prebiological and biological evolution. The basis for this approach, in which the origin and evolution of life is treated as a cosmological phenomenon, is provided by the inflation theory of the origin and evolution of the observable universe, which leads to the multiverse concept, explaining the paradoxes pointed out above.

Key words: 
biological and prebiological evolution
taxonomy
phylogenetic tree
horizontal gene transfer
16S rRNA
metagenomics
eternal chaotic inflation
multiverse
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